Analytical and Comparison of ABC Mining and jPhones - Free Essay Example

Before progressing on to the analysis of the companies given, a general introduction on asset allocation needs to be satisfied before progressing on this line. Let us see what asset allocation is why it is important for us during this exercise. Before giving any advice on asset allocation certain things needs to be kept in mind or followed so that the exercise will yield good results for the advisor and client. This not only ensure that all client requirements are met but also safeguards his interest against any unforeseen financial difficulty. Fundamental Analysis This involves checking basic financial information about a company going back a few years to check the major financial trends of companies so that a decision can be arrived at. Various investment gurus stand by this method of analysis as they firmly believe that this method of analysis yields results on the long run. The basic information that is sought out to accomplish this are the balance sheet and cash flow statements. As we are going to adopt a fundamental analysis approach as a first step balance sheet and cash flow statement of ABC Mining corporation and jPhone Ltd are listed below. Following this various financial analysis of various components will be calculated and analysed. The data then gathered would help any financial advisor the best decision that can be taken. ABC Mining corporation balance sheet Profitability Ratio: This ratio measures the profit generating capacity of a company. More frequently it can relate assets utilised, equity present to the sales that has been generated by the company. It gives an overview on the companys ability to generate wealth to its investors, owners, etc. It can be used for comparison against various timelines for the same companies and also across the industry. Return on Capital Employed Commonly denoted as ROCE, this ratio compares the net profit against the capital used to generate that profit. The formula for calculating the ratio is as follows: Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit x 100% Capital employed (including long term loans) Return on Capital Employed = 6195 x 100% = 15.56% Year 2002 39820 Return on Capital Employed = 5214 x 100% = 15.43% Year 2001 33789 Comments: For both the years, the values are quite similar and the change is very marginal. One things that needs to be kept in mind is that the low values can be affected quite quickly during economic downturns. Care needs to be entertained when coming across companies with such low values as investment in such companies will yield very poor returns. Another such ration used to calculate the profitability of an organisation is return on owners equity the formula for calculating the same is below. Return on Owners Equity = Net Profit before Tax x 100% Owners Equity Return on Owners Equity = 8725 x 100% = 23.28% Year 2002 37320 Return on Owners Equity = 5214 x 100% = 22.28% Year 2001 33789 Asset Turnover or Asset Utilisation Ratio As business use assets to generate income, a look at how assets are utilised actually give a pretty good idea of how efficient a company is in generating value using its assets. A better asset turnover actually proclaims an efficient business. Asset Turnover = Sales Net Assets Asset Turnover = 35000 = 0.94 Year 2002 37320 Asset Turnover = 29634 = 0.88 Year 2001 33789 A point to note is the trend in this ratio. An improving ratio denotes improving efficiency. Companies that are becoming more efficient as they mature will exhibit this trend. When compared to the year 2001 to 2002 the ratio has shown marginal improvement. This is a good sign that operational efficiency is improving within the organisation. Net Profit Margin This is the most utilised margin calculation that gives an overview of a firms financial position. If this ratio is poor investors do not usually go beyond this. Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit x 100% Sales Gross Profit Margin = 9100 x 100% = 26.00% Year 2002 35000 Gross Profit Margin = 7705 x 100% = 26.00% Year 2001 29634 Net Profit Ratio Net Profit Ratio = Net profit x 100% Total Sales Net Profit Ratio = 6195 x 100% = 17.70% Year 2002 35000 Net Profit Ratio = 5214 x 100% = 17.59% Year 2001 29635 Liquidity Ratio Liquid cash is the blood that drives the organisations to function. As such this ratio gives a clear idea of how well an organisation is positioned to handle day to day financial requirements. Liquidity is like a grease applied to a machinery, if applied to an optimal level it maintains an optimal working condition of the machinery. The ratio should be higher than one to denote a healthy status. In case of low values the organisations ability to service its short term debt and operating expenses are under questions. Current Ratio Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities Current Ratio = 71800 = 2.25 Year 2002 31980 Current Ratio = 53000 = 2.76 Year 2001 19211 Management Efficiency Ratio Stock turnover ratio Stock Turnover = Cost of Sales Stock Stock Turnover = 25900 = 4.31 Year 2002 6000 Stock Turnover = 21930 = 3.66 Year 2001 6000 Common-Size Analysis (CSA) One of the disadvantages of looking at balance sheets is that due to varied methods that are used by a company or companies in different industry one will at a superficial level tend to bias us towards a company that has large values. To overcome such disadvantages a common approach to both the companies needs to be done. One such method is CSA. This compares the same components against a set of data and gives a ratio for comparison of various companies. The formula for CSA is as follows Common Size Ratio = Item of interest Reference Item If the formula above is to be modified for inventories then it can be stated as follows Common Size Ratio for Inventory = Inventory Total Assets Limitations: As companies use different accounting principle the values can be misleading if used carelessly. Care must be taken to ensure that such practises are identified and noted before embarking on any such ratio analysis. The same principle applies accounting calendars practises that may change for various countries of the world. Trend Analysis This form of analysis tries to predict future movement of various components that are being analysed. Though trends analysis gives a clear cut information on the trends, questions remains regarding its ability to predict future trends. Also it does not address operational strategic decisions that are required to be taken, thus even a correct trend analysis can fail simply due to the fact that it is not backed up by operational decisions. Individual Components ABC Mining jPhone Company Change in Value Change in Value % of Change % of Change 2002 2001 2002 2001 ABC Mining j phone ABC Mining jPhone Net sales 35000 29634 412500 350000 5366 62500 18.11% 17.86% Dividents issued 3450 2900 58500 31000 550 27500 18.97% 88.71% retained earnings 5059 2314 116794 79719 2745 37075 118.63% 46.51% fixed asset 49300 38000 169000 180000 11300 -11000 29.74% -6.11% equity finance 54559 43314 531794 399719 11245 132075 25.96% 33.04% Comparative Statement Analysis Funds Flow Analysis Fund flow analysis involves categorising stratifying the changes in various financial components between two time periods for an organisation. It enables decision makes to have knowledge and analysis the organisations use of funds for various activities. The management also uses the results to decide on how much and when to give dividends. As the statement gives a detailed analysis of funds and its utilisation it serves to be an invaluable tool for fund allocation planning and budgeting. Cash Flow Analysis This analysis is on the similar lines to fund flow analysis excepting the fact that it considers only cash and records the inflow/outflow of funds to various components within an organisation. Some countries have a legislation that make this analysis mandatory. For eg, in India all listed companies are required to prepare and make this available for all stakeholders on a periodic basis. Used in conjunction with fund flow this can give a very clear view on the financial aspects, financial principles that are in vogue within an organisation. Comparison between Fund Flow Analysis and Cash Flow Analysis Fund Flow Analysis Cash Flow Analysis Mainly concerns itself with working capital It is mainly concerned with cash and ignores other aspects of workign capital Though it tracks funds it does not specifically record opening and closing positions Records specific closing and opening positions for a time period Records specific sources of funds and where and how it is utilised within an organisation Records only inflows and outflows Does not have a standard format that needs to be incorporated and can show considerable differences between companies or within departments Presentation should be in a standardised format as prescribed by statutory bodies Balanced Score Analysis This was a concept that was put forth by Kaplan and Norton. The balanced score card concept was a new idea where managers were made to focus on both short-term trends and solutions and how they can be aligned to meet the companys long term strategies. The concept depended upon identifying four parameters which can be measured and targets set and points allotted according to performance. It gave an overview of the performance and did not include any other details which was heavily criticised by some researchers. However, it is an important tool that can be used. Balanced score card after its first publication has undergone around three modifications and at present followed widely in English-speaking countries and Scandinavian companies. The designing process involves choosing components that represent the long term goals of an organisation along with a target set against each value. Once the actual performance is noted down, the balanced score card will give an overall picture on how a particular department or a particular manager has performed against his metrics. Posted below is an example of BSC for Financial analysis, as we are mainly concerned about financial aspects, we will concentrate on four important aspects that are the pillar of financial stability for any organisation. Balanced Score Card ABC Mining Corporation 2002 Component Goal Weightage Performance Target Profitablity Ratio ROCE 2 15.56% 20% ROOE 2 23.28% 25% Asset Turnover Ratio 2 0.94 1 Gross Profit Margin 2 26% 30% Net Profit Ratio 2 17.70% 20% Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio 10 2.25 2.8 Management Efficiency Ratio Stock Turnover 10 4.31 4.5 jPhones Ltd 2002 Component Goal Weightage Performance Target Profitablity Ratio ROCE 2 14.66% 20% ROOE 2 18.67% 25% Asset Turnover Ratio 2 2.15 1 Gross Profit Margin 2 35% 30% Net Profit Ratio 2 23.16% 20% Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio 10 2.19 2.8 Management Efficiency Ratio Stock Turnover 10 0.43 4.5 Financial statement of company j Phones Profitability Ratio Return on Capital Employed The formula for calculating the ratio is as follows: Return on Net Asset = Profit before interest and tax x 100% Capital employed (including long term loans) Return on Net Asset = 144375 x 100% = 75.39% Year 2002 191500 Return on Net Asset = 122719 x 100% = 42.46% Year 2001 289000 Return on Capital Employed Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit x 100% Capital employed (including long term loans) Return on Capital Employed = 95575 x 100% = 14.66% Year 2002 651500 Return on Capital Employed = 110719 x 100% = 25.2% Year 2001 439000 Return on Owners Equity Return on Owners Equity = Net Profit before Tax x 100% Owners Equity Return on Owners Equity = 95575 x 100% = 18.67% Year 2002 511794 Return on Owners Equity = 110719 x 100% = 36.94% Year 2001 299719 As the name goes this looks at asset utilisation i.e., how an organisation is utilising its assets to generate income. The formula for calculating the same is as below Asset Turnover = Sales Net Assets Asset Turnover = 412500 = 2.15 Year 2002 191500 Asset Turnover = 350000 = 1.21 Year 2001 289000 The value is not represented in percentage but in a ratio. A rising ratio usually denotes improving performance. Net Profit Margin This is the most utilised margin calculation that gives an overview of a firms financial position. If this ratio is poor investors do not usually go beyond this. Profit Margin = Profit before interest and tax x 100% Sales Profit Margin = 95575 x 100% = 23.17% Year 2002 412500 Profit Margin = 110719 x 100% = 31.63% Year 2001 350269 Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit x 100% Sales Profit Margin = 144375 x 100% = 35% Year 2002 412500 Profit Margin = 122719 x 100% = 35% Year 2001 350269 Comments: The company has maintained a good profit margin for both the years compared and has shown resilience in maintaining the same. But it would do good to improve the same. Net Profit Ratio Net Profit Ratio = Net profit x 100% Total Sales Net Profit Ratio = 95575 x 100% = 23.16% Year 2002 412500 Net Profit Ratio = 110719 x 100% = 31.57% Year 2001 350625 The company has shown a drop of 8.34% in its NPR. This is an alarming trend to note. Unless the company takes steps to arrest this growth it may result in value erosion for investors. Liquidity Ratio The ratio largely looks at a firms ability to repay its liabilities. The thumb rule is that the higher the ratio the better. Current Ratio Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities Current Ratio = 895000 = 2.19 Year 2002 408500 Current Ratio = 490000 = 2.12 Year 2001 231000 Comments: A very good and stable current ratio. But since it is consistently above 2, it also means that jPhones is not effectively utilising its assets or financing avenues properly. Acid Test Ratio = Current Ratio Stock (liquid assets) Current Liabilities Management Efficiency Ratio Stock turnover ratio Stock Turnover = Cost of Sales Stock Stock Turnover = 316925 = 0.43 Year 2002 730000 Stock Turnover = 239906 = 0.62 Year 2001 384000 Corporate Ratios Earnings per share: Measures the profit allotted to each share in the common stock category. Earnings per Share = (Net profit after tax + preference dividend + extraordinary items Number of shares in issue Market to book ratio Market to Book Ratio = Market Capitalisation x 100% Book value of equity Dividend Yield Dividend Yield = Dividend Declared x Dividend Rate Market Price of Share Financial Ratio Gearing Ratio Gearing Ratio = Total Assets x 100% Book Value of Assets Common-Size Analysis (CSA) One of the disadvantages of comparing balance sheet results is that the numbers give a quantitative weightage and no further information on efficiency. Common size analysis of balance sheets can be done by comparing two components of similar nature for the companies compared and based on the outcome a better company can be selected. The formula for CSA is as follows Common Size Ratio = Item of interest Reference Item If the formula above is to be modified for inventories then it can be stated as follows Common Size Ratio for Inventory = Inventory Total Assets Limitations: Different accounting principle used by different firms needs to be taken into consideration. The same applies for the difference in accounting calendars. Ratio Analysis Comparison of ABC Mining and jPhones Ltd: After the various ratio analysis undertaken for coming up with an advise to the investor the same is posted below ABC Mining Corporation jPhones Ltd Principle Component Sub Component 2002 2001 2002 2001 Profitablity Ratio Return on Capital Employed 15.56% 15.43% 14.66% 25.20% Return on Owners Equity 23.28% 22.28% 18.67% 25.20% Asset Turnover Ratio 0.94 0.88 2.15 1.21 Gross Profit Margin 26% 26% 35% 35% Net Profit Ratio 17.70% 17.59% 23.16% 31.57% Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio 2.25 2.76 2.19 2.19 Management Efficiency Ratio Stock Turnover 4.31 3.66 0.43 0.62 Source: Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement above From the table above it can be seen that jphones has added substantial values to its shareholders by generating higher income though during the later years the same has dropped. Even though the gross profit margin has stayed the same, ROCE has dropped by almost 10% while ABC Mining corporation has scored considerably on this count by maintaining a consistent value. This shows that the management is quite mature during various time scales to concentrate and generate a good return. Another point to note is the ability to generate dividend on a consistent basis. This is better suited to people who would expect continuous cash from time to time. Based on all the above parameters, the customer would do well to invest in jPhones Ltd as the company has generated higher profits and has also given better dividends over the same period. Provided no major changes are experienced in its stock prices it will prove to be a better investment for a year or two initially. Tools of Financial Analysis During the recent economic downturn that has gripped the world; one thought has come to the forefront of corporate financial managers. It has questioned the core value of accounting practise that are practise by auditing firms and various companies. With this backdrop financial managers the world over have their task cut for themselves to prove that they can add value and regulate themselves without any outside intervention. On one hand businesses do have a requirement to take calculated risk and grow their business but blind risk will put organisations future and reputation at risk that needs to be avoided. Organisations sundry and great now are taking steps to ensure that financial data collected, recorded, and analysed are actually reflecting the status of their companies as it is this information that is used to make strategic decisions. The situation has also renewed interest on failure prediction and financial models that proclaim to predict the start of a downturn financially. However, these tools though quite phenomenal in their performance do not give strategic suggestions but results are rather in the form of numbers and this once again underline the value of human mind that can make sense and give purpose to these numbers. The notion of recording financial transactions has been in existence from very old times. From a crude record of marking lines to denote data in olden days, financial information has assumed various forms and has undergone considerable standardisation to the present day. This standardisation has in effect brought a degree of transparency to all people who view this report as the reports to some extent are standardised by various governing bodies. A reason for such standardisation stands justified as the information may be given to two sets of people who are well versed with accounting principles and also by those who are have no idea of financial standards, managers and public. The same information is looked at from a different view by investors, financiers and tax departments. Thus it is quite clear that financial information and analysis serves a host of people intent on knowing about the status of an organisation. As such financial information and details is akin to a doctor feeli ng the pulse of a patient to elicit diagnosis. Analysis financial information is not as simple as it is believed mainly due to the varied group of people accessing the information. The information needs to be in a standardised format such that a varied group comes to the same conclusion after going through the information. A lot of studies have been undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of financial analysis. Before making a judgement on the effectiveness, let us look at the parameters of analysis of performance. The following broad parameters are used for financial analysis of a company at any point in time. Profitability Ratio Liquidity Ratio Management Efficiency Ratio Corporate Ratio Financial Ratio Employee Ratio In addition to the above parameters, various other criterias are used mainly Balanced Score Card Cash Flow Analysis Fund Flow Analysis Trend Analysis Common Size Analysis. The presence of various tools means that there will always be a debate on how effective each of the component or a group can measure up as a tool to predict future direction. As predicting the future is a means to be better prepared, care needs to be exercised on how to analysis and what to analyse. Conclusion As mentioned earlier the main reason for looking at the ratios from time to time is to check the healthy nature of the organisation and take effective steps to improve the situation. However, great care needs to be emphasised during such analysis, as the outcome of the results only have values and do not suggest any alternatives. In a recent study on checking the effectiveness of ratio analysis in predicting an organisations failure led Johnson to conclude that there is no clear logical link between the results found in a ratio analysis to failure. Nonetheless, as the human mind links numbers to performance, ratio analysis is here to stay. The results need to be taken up with a pinch of salt with comparison of performance against other analytical methods to yield proper views and steps that needs to be taken from an organisational point of view. Another argument is that ratios do not given underlying economic turmoil or alternatives that can be taken by human mind. Thus ratio analysi s with application of sound decision making can go a long way in putting the organisation in the right path to success.

Old SAT Vs. Redesigned SAT Chart

Sci 209 Week 4 Paper - 984 Words

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Water Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment

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Schizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness Essay

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental illness that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, decision making, and relate to others. It’s a long-term medical illness affecting 1% of Americans. The causes of schizophrenia include genetics, environment, brain chemistry, and substance abuse. Schizophrenia occurs roughly in 10%of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder such as a parent or sibling. (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | What is Schizophrenia?, n.d.) â€Å"Problems with certain brain chemicals, including neurotransmitters called dopamine and glutamate, may contribute to schizophrenia†. Schizophrenia can occur at any age, the average age of onset tends to be late teens to the 20s for men, and the late 20s to early 30s for women. (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | What is Schizophrenia?, n.d.) It’s very rare for schizophrenia to be diagnosed in a person younger than 12 or older than 40. Comorbid factors in schizophrenia are depression, anxiety, and substance abuse these are more common than others. (Mosey, A. 1986) They are common throughout the course of the illness with a prevalence of 15% for panic attacks, 29% for posttraumatic stress disorder and 23% for obsessive compulsive disorder. Depression can cause secondary negative symptoms, panic attacks can drive paranoia and cannabis abuse can worsen positive and disorganization symptoms. Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia varies from person to person,Show MoreRelatedSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness1538 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental illness that is in a very small amount of the population, 1 in 100 people (1% of the population). Symptoms of schizophrenia include, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, not much emotion if any is present, as well as speech and socializations issues. Ways to treat schizophrenia are very limited to antipsychotic drugs and therapy. Although there is not one cause to this illness found, there are many factors that explain the cause or result in havingRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness1388 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia is a â€Å"serious mental disorder characterised by severe disruptions in psychological functioning and a loss of contact with reality† (Meldrum Wilson, 2009). The main question that arises from the many studies looking at schizophrenia and violence is does schizophrenia itself make an individual violent or are there other factors from the mental illness that contribute to this? According to Fazel, Guati, Linsell, Geddes and Grahn (2009), before the 1980’s many people made no connectionRead MoreMental Illness And Mental Health Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesMental health is being successful in doing mental functions resulting in being able to form relationships with other people, getting things done and having the ability to work around problems and stress. Your mental health can affect how you think, act and feel. Over the years of your life, your mental health is shaped by the events that you have experienced such as abuse or trauma. Having a healthy mind is just as important as having a healthy body. Conversely, just like how you can get a diseaseRead MoreSarah and Angela The Many Misconceptions and Misunderstandings of Schizophrenia Misunderstood with1200 Words   |  5 PagesAngela The Many Misconceptions and Misunderstandings of Schizophrenia Misunderstood with the assistance of popular stigmas and stereotypes, schizophrenia and its severity is often degraded and overlooked by the public. Wrongly feared and shunned, individuals with schizophrenia have too commonly been judged throughout human history and even today. Many aspects of the disease are failed to be truly understood and represented, from the effects of the disease to the availability of treatment. FavoredRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1077 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenias is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices (APA,2015). I choose to touch on the topic of schizophrenia because I always been interested the topic itself. The one thing I wondered is if there are different stages of schizophrenia and why it may be hard to diagnose. Schizophrenia is a mental disease that’s very hard to pinpoint in a person, whichRead MoreMental Illness: The Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1546 Words   |  7 Pages Mental illness is seen throughout society as a negative subject, many suffer through not only with the disorders but, also the shame that comes along. In this article we will look at one of the most severe mental disorders in hopes of achieving a better knowledge of the disorder and to debunk some of the misconceptions of having a mental disorder. Approximately fifty million Americans suffer from mental illness. Of those fifty million only about twenty-five percent seek help due to the stigmaRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Mental Disorder? Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects many elements of the body and mind. This mental illness causes people to lose touch with reality Schizophrenia (2016). People with this illness suffer from hallucinations, paranoia, hearing voices, fear and persecutory delusion, which affects a person’s ability to think, feels, and behaves clearly. Most people with thinks illness are usually between the ages 16 and 30. Researchers have not found an exact cause of this disease but rather it is geneticallyRead MoreLiving with Schizophrenia1814 Words   |  7 PagesLiving with Schizophrenia What effects does a person undergo living with Schizophrenia? At some point, an individual might have a relative, or heard of someone, or even experienced itself of suffering from Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects many people throughout the world. People living with this mental disorder may depend on a family member or someone close to take care of him/her. Certain individuals have a good chance of inheriting Schizophrenia, if a familyRead MoreSchizophreni The Most Devastating Mental Illness1706 Words   |  7 PagesNov 2014 Research paper Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is often times referred to as one of the most devastating mental illness. This is because of it early onset in a patients live, and also that the symptoms can be destructive not only to the patient but also their family and friends. Schizophrenia is often discussed as a single illness, but schizophrenia can include a wide array of disorders which can present many similar behavioral symptoms. More than likely schizophrenia comprises a whole groupRead MoreEssay about The Portrayal of Schizophrenia in Me, Myself, and Irene1178 Words   |  5 Pages Most people gather what they know about mental illnesses from television and film. Unfortunately these media portrayals are inaccurate and create stigma. They depict people suffering from mental illnesses as different, dangerous and laughable. Characters are often addicted to drugs or alcohol, are violent, dangerous, or out of control. Horror film characters like Norman Bates in Psycho, Jack Torrance in the Shining, or Hannibal Lecter in Silence of the Lambs associate the typical psycho- killer

Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders. Answer: Mental illness as defined by American Psychiatric Association is heath condition that includes alterations in thinking, behavior or emotion or can be a blend of all three of these (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). However, mental illnesses are mainly related to distress along with issues in functioning the activities related to social, work as well as family. Mental disorders involve a variety of issues that may be anxiety disorders, depression, mood disorders, personality as well as psychotic disorders. However, it has been found that there are many causes of mental disorder among which the major role is played by genes as well as family history. There are also some other factors that contribute to mental disorders in an individual and they are as daily life experiences, biological factors and traumatic injury in the brain. Moreover, at time of pregnancy if the mother is exposed to viruses or any kind of toxic chemical then that can increase the risk of the baby. Use of drug s as well as having a severe medical condition can also contribute in causing mental disorders. However, this essay is about how it is to experience mental disorders, about the internal experience one has dealing with mental disorder and how it affects interaction with others along with finding out the reason that why bringing any kind of changes it hard with those with mental disorders. Lastly, the feeling of experiencing Schizophrenia is also discussed. It is often seen that major mental disorders seldom appear unexpectedly. It is often seen that family, friends, teachers, close associates or the individual himself began to realize small changes in them or surrounded by a feeling that something is wrong in their thinking, feeling as well as behavior (Cuthbert Insel, 2013). There can be signs of early warnings in individuals where they can experience the following signs and symptoms- People lose interest in others and thus, socially withdraw themselves Difficulty in performing daily functioning at school, work or family tasks Difficulty in concentrating, memory, logical thinking and speech Hyper sensitivity Loss of interest or desire in participating in any activity There is always a sense of being disconnected from people around as well as from oneself Unexplained fear or suspiciousness of others Disturbed sleep and changes in the appetite or there may be decrease in the personal care Unexpected drastic mood swings Therefore, an individual suffering with any mental disorder may feel more than two of these symptoms for a continuous period of time for which their ability to do their personal, profession or daily tasks are getting affected then it is time that they must consult a mental illness professional (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Mental disorder highly disturbs interactions with others and has huge implications in the society. People suffering with any kind of mental disorders face social isolation, which is very popular for a very long time to have triggered the mental illnesses. People suffering with mental disorders are found to have isolated themselves from the society and maximum of the time are found to avoid any kind of public gatherings. However, in mental disorders support from friends, family and neighbors are very much beneficial for both the individual and the population. It is difficult for people to interact with others while suffering a mental disorder, like for instance if one is suffering from depression then that person might not feel like interacting with others neither in family nor in work (Lin, Dean Ensel, 2013). Then if a person is suffering from anxiety disorder then the worry and stress all the time will limit his interactions as well as will hamper their work. People with mental dis orders mainly want to stay alone as they find it very difficult to being along with others as they feel they will judge them for their illness. To run away from the stigmatization people with mental disorders mainly withdraw themselves from their family members as well as colleagues. It is usually hard for people who are suffering from mental disorders to accept or bring any kind of change. These people mainly have a disturbance being conscious thus, they are less aware of their surroundings and depending on their severity of their disorder; they might be agitated, drowsy or sluggish. Thus, at that time it is not possible for them to bring any change or accept any changes in their environment. Mental illness also affects the thinking processes and thus people may have delays in registering what is being told to them or they their thinking might get illogical and meaningless (Regier, Kuhl Kupfer, 2013). People with mental illnesses may act in an unusual manner or might face difficulty behaving normally thus, for them accepting any change or being quick in bringing any kind of changes is indeed difficult. Mental illness as defined is in itself changes individuals thought process as well as behavior for which they faces difficulty in their daily functioning therefo re it definitely affects the brain and so accepting or bringing any kind of changes becomes difficult as compared to any other person. However, person suffering with Schizophrenia, which is one of the major mental disorders people face are found to have experiencing hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech as well as behaviors, neurocognitive deficits, mood swings, decreased emotional rage as well as los of interest or desire to do anything or initiating interaction (Mamah, Barch Repov, 2013). People with schizophrenia are always demotivated as well as they make no sense when they are having a conversation. They may feel depressed or at the next moment feel extremely happy with no valid cause (Maat et al., 2012). Thus, from the above essay it can be concluded that mental disorder affects the thought, emotional and behavioral processes in an individual and thus, making it difficult for them to lead a normal life. These changes in their thinking, behavior and emotions often make it complicated for them to perform appropriately their daily tasks as well as professional works. Their social interactions also are hampered, as these people prefer to withdraw themselves from others because they are unable to accept or bring in kind of changes in their surroundings or in themselves. Lastly, schizophrenia is a kind of mental disorder where people experience hallucination, delusion, disorganized speech as well as behavior and some negative symptoms as well. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub. Cuthbert, B. N., Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC.BMC medicine,11(1), 126. Lin, N., Dean, A., Ensel, W. M. (Eds.). (2013).Social support, life events, and depression. Academic Press. Maat, A., Fett, A. K., Derks, E., Group Investigators. (2012). Social cognition and quality of life in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research,137(1), 212-218. Mamah, D., Barch, D. M., Repov, G. (2013). Resting state functional connectivity of five neural networks in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Journal of affective disorders,150(2), 601-609. Regier, D. A., Kuhl, E. A., Kupfer, D. J. (2013). The DSM?5: Classification and criteria changes.World Psychiatry,12(2), 92-98.

Deweaponization free essay sample

FAT, believed to be the source of this proliferation, the weapons sought to be seized by the government include rocket launchers, anti-aircraft guns, missiles, remote- enthroned bombs, land mines, salivations and other forbidden-bore rifles. The very existence of these advanced weapons of war and their proliferation on a large scale In the country is by Itself very shocking and explains the growing Incidence of violence and crime all over the country, posing a serious threat to peace and public order and to civil society itself.No wonder then that some of our cities are increasingly becoming a happy hunting-ground for criminals, terrorists and malcontents being aided by the easy and abundant availability of a large variety of deadly weapons to pursue their designs. This free flow of weapons also affected the educational institutes and unfortunately, many of our educational institutes transformed into the storehouses of such deadly weapons. Students- the future of our nation, Instead of becoming good scientists and scholars started playing In the hands of people having their vested Interests. We will write a custom essay sample on Deweaponization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They threw their books away and raised their hands carrying weapons in them. How sad it Besides, in the rural areas, feudal lords maintain their own security forces which operate against tenant- farmers and rival feudal. In addition, many political and religious movements maintain armed maltase. In the countryside they are more brazen, but even in the cities some political parties are not averse to having well-armed cadres if not for outright terrorism, then at least for a show of force to impress upon their opponents and keep the law enforcement agencies on the sidelines. Distinguished audience!The brutality and violence that thus have become a hallmark of Pakistani society can be curbed only by an effective depopulation and arms control regime. Political governments in the past failed on this score because, being political, they often compromised and did not wish to hurt powerful lobbies and vested interests owing in the way of better law enforcement and crime control. This government, being non-political and military, must demonstrate to the people that It has the will and power to take on vested Interests if this Is needed In trying to contain the rolling wave of crime and violence.Needless to say, such issues as sectarian violence and 1 OFF run up against powerful lobbies and some religious parties and groups. The present government has very rightly started a media campaign urging the people to surrender illegal arms voluntarily and it looks to produce encouraging results. If this does not yield the desired results, the government has announced to launch a siege-and-search operation in the identified areas to recover the lethal weapons which continue to pose a serious threat to internal security and public order.The government should at least begin by focusing on private militias and religious, sectarian and political groups thriving on arms. Disarming them should give the citizens some relief from at least one composite source of insecurity an d danger, and reduce or perhaps eliminate terror and violence for religious, sectarian and political reasons. Side by side, the Law Enforcement Agencies should improve their vigilance against the smuggling of arms from across the borders. While one of our neighboring country is known to have supplied arms and explosives to its agents for terrorism in Pakistan, a greater security risk are Afghan refugees whose number has swelled despite the measures taken by the government to stop them at the border. A large number of these refugees in fact hundreds of thousands of them are now Pakistani citizens having somehow acquired the countrys nationality, but they have maintained their Afghan connections. Regrettably, a section of them indulge in drug and arms smuggling and are one of the sources of violence and terror.Needless to say, the government has to keep an eye on them and take strict action whenever they are found involved in such criminal activities. Distinguished guests and honorable audience! While a crackdown on criminals will not cause any political problems, a similar policy toward ethnic, religious and sectarian parties and militias carries the risk of a backlash from these forces. But it is precisely here that the government should show its mettle. It should draw heart from the fact that the people at large would welcome such a move.